This word often forms an integral part of early Chola names like Nedunkilli, Nalankilli and so on, but almost drops out of use in later times. [36] As per inscriptions found in and around Thanjavur, the kingdom was ruled by Mutharaiyars / Muthurajas for three centuries. And you can't deny that it is an adorable name. Chicana is basically a Chola name used to call American girls who belong to Mexican descendants of Cholas. The Ashokan inscriptions speak of the Cholas in plural, implying that, in his time, there were more than one Chola. We try our very best, but cannot guarantee perfection. Afterwards the records of the transaction was drawn up and attested by a number of witnesses who were either local magnates or government officers. The assessment and collection of revenue were undertaken by corporate bodies such as the ur, nadu, sabha, nagaram and sometimes by local chieftains who passed the revenue to the centre. However, the rule of the later Cholas between 1218, starting with Rajaraja CholaII, to the last emperor Rajendra CholaIII was not as strong as those of the emperors between 850 and 1215. Kadal Pura is set during the period when Kulothunga CholaI was in exile from the Vengi kingdom after he was denied the throne. The Chola dynasty was a Tamil thalassocratic empire of southern India and one of the longest-ruling dynasties in world history. The Chola rulers issued their coins in gold, silver and copper. Some prominent features of temple architecture in the Chola dynasty are enunciated here. Many diseases were cured by the doctors of the hospital, which was under the control of a chief physician who was paid annually 80 Kalams of paddy, 8 Kasus and a grant of land. There was a class of hired day-labourers who assisted in agricultural operations on the estates of other people and received a daily wage. [121] Kallar served in the armies of the Chola kings. [68], On the other hand, from 1150 CE to 1280 CE, Pandya became the staunchest opponents of the Cholas and tried to win independence for their traditional territories. Smalls is usually used to tease short or tiny girls. Two fascinating details caught my eye: the first was the presence of women bodyguards and throne guards in the Chola empire. The earliest datable references to the Chola are from inscriptions dated to the 3rd century BCE during the reign of Ashoka of the Maurya Empire.As one of the Three Crowned Kings of Tamilakam, along with the Chera and Pandya, the dynasty continued to govern over . [135] Wootz steel was a major export item. It can be considered an iteration of Sophia or Sophie. Whisper is a cute name for females. The earliest datable references to the Chola are from inscriptions dated to the 3rd century BCE during the reign of Ashoka of the Maurya Empire. Your privacy is important to us. Aadhishakti - Goddess Parvati 8. [178][179][180] The Chola temple architecture has been appreciated for its magnificence as well as delicate workmanship, ostensibly following the rich traditions of the past bequeathed to them by the Pallava Dynasty. The Chola Empire was at its peak and achieved imperialism under the Medieval Cholas in the mid-9th century CE. It is quite a beautiful name that is inspired by faith and spirituality. Enrol to StudyIQ's Flagship UPSC IAS (Pre + Mains) LIVE Foundation Batch 9. [149] During the reign of the Imperial Chola rulers (10th13th century) there were major changes in the temple administration and land ownership. However, it is not known if they had any relation to the early Cholas. [234] The most important work of this genre is the popular Ponniyin Selvan (The son of Ponni), a historical novel in Tamil written by Kalki Krishnamurthy. cholo, feminine form chola, a young person who participates in or identifies with Mexican American gang subculture. Kundavai (also transliterated as Kundhavai or Kunthavai) was born in 945 CE. Kocengannan, an Early Chola, was celebrated in both Sangam literature and in the Shaivite canon as a Hindu saint. It is quite an adorable name for girls. The government at this time had a large land revenue department, consisting of several tiers, which was largely concerned with maintaining accounts. Moreover, their patronage of Tamil literature and their zeal for building temples has resulted in some of the greatest works of Tamil literature and architecture. The Cholas invaded Sri Lanka under these two kings, spread their territories to the north as far as the Ganges River, and also brought maritime South East India under their sphere of influence. Welcome to the NicknameDB entry on chola dynasty nicknames! Rajendra Chola built a huge tank named Solagangam in his capital city Gangaikonda Solapuram and was described as the liquid pillar of victory. All cultivable land was held in one of the three broad classes of tenure which can be distinguished as peasant proprietorship called vellan-vagai, service tenure and eleemosynary tenure resulting from charitable gifts. The guilds described sometimes by the terms nanadesis were a powerful autonomous corporation of merchants which visited different countries in the course of their trade. [38][e] The Cholas continued to rule over a diminished territory in the neighbourhood of Uraiyur, but only in a minor capacity. Then the former feudatories like the Hoysalas, Yadvas, and Kakatiyas steadily increased their power and finally replaced the Chalukyas. in Local Questions & Answers. A new civilization emerges throughout this period of the timeline, and art reaches new heights. Gabriela (Hebrew origin) means 'god of Strength'. [218] ParantakaI and Parantaka Chola II endowed and built temples for Shiva and Vishnu. The rule by Cholas stretched over 5 long centuries until the . [76] Virarajendra Chola's son, Athirajendra Chola, was assassinated in a civil disturbance in 1070, and Kulothunga CholaI, the son of Ammanga Devi and Rajaraja Narendra, ascended the Chola throne. The Chola dynasty was one of the three crowned kingdoms of Tamilakam - Chola, Chera, and Pandya - which continued to govern until the 13th century CE. Create good names for games, profiles, brands or social networks. Subscribe for virtual tools, STEM-inspired play, creative tips and more. Well, Chola nicknames and being funny go hand in hand. Sembiyan is generally taken to mean a descendant of Shibi a legendary hero whose self-sacrifice in saving a dove from the pursuit of a falcon figures among the early Chola legends and forms the subject matter of the Sibi Jataka among the Jataka stories of Buddhism. In one such instance, the Chola king, Rajadhiraja Chola II, was able to defeat the Sinhalese, aided by their traditional ally, a confederation of five Pandya princes, and kept the control of Rajarata under Cholar rule. The items of expense set apart for their comforts are rice, a doctor, a surgeon, two maid servants for nursing the patients, and a general servant for the hospital. Glizzy is a hilarious name as well. The manufacture of sea-salt was carried on under government supervision and control. The term, sometimes used disparagingly, is derived from early Spanish and Mexican usage and denotes marginalization. An obscure dynasty, the Kalabhras invaded Tamil country, displaced the existing kingdoms and ruled during that time. [177] Though conforming generally to the iconographic conventions established by long tradition, the sculptors worked with great freedom in the 11th and the 12th centuries to achieve a classic grace and grandeur. By common consent, the finest Chola masterpieces are the bronze images of Siva Nataraja. It is quite a popular name for babies in Mexico, more so for baby girls. [105] There was an expansion of the administrative structure, particularly from the reign of Rajaraja Chola I onwards. It is quite an adorable name for girls. If you purchase using the buy now button we may earn a small commission. [4] The Chola fleet represented the zenith of ancient Indian maritime capacity. The river, which is also known as the Ponni (Golden) river, had a special place in the culture of Cholas. [212][213] However, relatively few Vaishnavite works were composed during the Later Chola period, possibly because of the rulers' apparent animosity towards them. This is the reason that you can find random versions of Chola names across different countries, even the United States. [citation needed]. They ruled a significantly larger area at the height of their power from the later half of the 9th century till the beginning of the 13th century. Yes, it's adorable. It can be considered an iteration of the name Elizabeth. Mona (Italian origin) means 'gorgeous'. Furthermore, he also continued holding on to traditional territories in Tamil country, Eastern Gangavadi, Draksharama, Vengi, and Kalinga. [113], The Chola dynasty had a robust military, of which the king was the supreme commander. Moderate. It is used to refer to a girl with lively traits. [170], The Chola conquest of Kadaram (Kedah) and Srivijaya, and their continued commercial contacts with the Chinese Empire, enabled them to influence the local cultures. At Kidadl we pride ourselves on offering families original ideas to make the most of time spent together at home or out and about, wherever you are in the world. Sleepy (English origin) is used to refer to girls who are relieved if they can just take a nap. Below you'll find name ideas for chola with different categories depending on your needs. They thoroughly exploited the lack of unity among the Tamil kingdoms and alternately supported one Tamil kingdom against the other thereby preventing both the Cholas and Pandyas from rising to their full potential. Name of Chola Rulers (Kings) Period of Rule. [192], The revival of Hinduism from its nadir during the Kalabhras spurred the construction of numerous temples and these in turn generated Shaiva and Vaishnava devotional literature. Thereafter, until the reign of Vikrama Chola in 1133 CE when the Chola power was at its peak, these hereditary lords and local princes virtually vanished from the Chola records and were either replaced or turned into dependent officials. But people also believe that this name was inspired by Valentine's Day. By 1019, he also completely conquered the Rajarata kingdom of Sri Lanka and annexed it to the Chola empire. The Chola tradition of art spread and influenced the architecture and art of Southeast Asia. Smiley (English origin) is used to refer to girls who always have a bright smile plastered on their faces. Chola records cite many works, including the Rajarajesvara Natakam, Viranukkaviyam and Kannivana Puranam. What we suggest is selected independently by the Kidadl team. They established educational institutions and hospitals around the temple, enhanced the beneficial aspects of the role of the temple, and projected the royalty as a very powerful and genial presence. [104], In almost all villages the distinction between persons paying the land-tax (iraikudigal) and those who did not was clearly established. The Tamil Chola dynasty ruled in Southern India and is regarded as one of the longest-ruling dynasties in history. That was the final dissolution of Chalukyan power though the Chalukyas existed only in name since 11351140. There is no evidence that Rajendra was followed immediately by another Chola prince. [clarification needed] A hospital named Virasolan was provided with fifteen beds for sick people. It is quite a popular name for babies in Mexico, more so for baby girls. . [181] A new development in Chola art that characterised the Dravidian architecture in later times was the addition of a huge gateway called gopuram to the enclosure of the temple, which had gradually taken its form and attained maturity under the Pandya Dynasty. [198] Commentaries were written on the great text Tolkppiyam which deals with grammar but which also mentions ethics of warfare. Valentina (Latin origin) basically means 'strong'. [57][58][59] He also completed the conquest of the Rajarata kingdom of Sri Lanka and took the Sinhala king MahindaV as a prisoner, in addition to his conquests of Rattapadi (territories of the Rashtrakutas, Chalukya country, Talakkad, and Kolar, where the Kolaramma temple still has his portrait statue) in Kannada country. [141], There existed a brisk internal trade in several articles carried on by the organised mercantile corporations in various parts of the country. The temple of Gangaikondacholisvaram at Gangaikondacholapuram, the creation of Rajendra Chola, was intended to excel its predecessor. A Chola record gives their rationale for engagement in foreign trade: "Make the merchants of distant foreign countries who import elephants and good horses attach to yourself by providing them with villages and decent dwellings in the city, by affording them daily audience, presents and allowing them profits. [148] The Ulavar community were working in the field which was associated with agriculture and the peasants were known as Kalamar. Chiquita (Spanish origin) has a cute meaning which is basically 'tiny present'. Subscribe for virtual tools, STEM-inspired play, [107], At local government level, every village was a self-governing unit. [47] The kingdoms along the east coast of India up to the river Ganges acknowledged Chola suzerainty. [92] The fate of Virasekhara Chola, the last of the line of Cholas is not known. She was the only daughter of the Chola king Parantaka II and queen Vanavan Mahadevi. [90][91] The Hoysalas were routed from Kannanur Kuppam around 1279 by Kulasekhara Pandiyan and in the same war the last Chola emperor RajendraIII was routed and the Chola empire ceased to exist thereafter. The center of Chola power was later moved to Kanci (now Kanchipuram), farther to the north. His administrative role consisted of issuing oral commands to responsible officers when representations were made to him. This name would have reminded you of that one friend of yours with anger issues. The text in these inscriptions was written by court poets and engraved by talented artisans. The dynasty became a military, economic and cultural powerhouse in South Asia and South-East Asia. Art & Culture: Details of the Pandyan civil war and the role played by the Cholas and Sinhalas, are present in the Mahavamsa as well as the Pallavarayanpettai Inscriptions. [60] Rajendra's territories included the area falling on the Ganges-Hooghly-Damodar basin,[61] as well as Rajarata of Sri Lanka and Maldives. [182][183], Temple building received great impetus from the conquests and the genius of Rajaraja Chola and his son Rajendra CholaI. [47], The Western Chalukya Empire under Satyashraya and Someshvara I tried to wriggle out of Chola domination from time to time, primarily due to the Chola influence in the Vengi kingdom. Education in the contemporary sense was not considered important; there is circumstantial evidence to suggest that some village councils organised schools to teach the basics of reading and writing to children,[153] although there is no evidence of systematic educational system for the masses. In spite of their reduced powers, the Pandyas and Pallavas accepted Chola princesses in marriage, possibly out of regard for their reputation. A number of villages constituted a larger entity known as a kurram, nadu or kottam, depending on the area. The reign of the Cholas began in the 9th century when they defeated the Pallavas to come into power. Accordingly, Devi seems to have cursed her and due to t. Though Nicknames are not your real name, they are referred to as added names; however, there are things to consider when choosing. What can a girl with the nickname Troubles brings in? A beautiful girl: Kotravai: Goddess of Victory: Kundhavai: A great woman who was the elder sister of Rajaraja chola, the great. It is quite a popular name as it is simple and easy to pronounce. [116][117] According to the ancient Tamil text Silappadikaram, the Tamil kings defended their forts with catapults that threw stones, huge cauldrons of boiling water or molten lead, and hooks, chains and traps. [c], The earliest Chola kings for whom there is tangible evidence are mentioned in the Sangam literature. The Chola admirals commanded much respect and prestige. Even crimes such as manslaughter or murder were punished with fines. Chola names refer to a subculture of Chicano women. A. L. Frothingham, Jr. Kal: The Journal of Indian Art History Congress, The Congress, 1995, p.31, ndia: The Most Dangerous Decades by Selig S. Harrison p.31. According to Wikipedia: The Chola dynasty was a Tamil thalassocratic empire of southern India and one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the history of the world. As one of the Three Crowned Kings of Tamilakam, along with the Chera and Pandya, the dynasty continued to govern over varying territories until the 13th century CE. [202], Kamban flourished during the reign of Kulothunga III. [169] Monumental architecture in the form of majestic temples and sculpture in stone and bronze reached a finesse never before achieved in India. The work Parpannamritam (17th century) refers to the Chola king called Krimikanta who is said to have removed the Govindaraja idol from the Chidambaram Nataraja temple. [43] It is possible that a branch of the Tamil Cholas migrated north during the time of the Pallavas to establish a kingdom of their own, away from the dominating influences of the Pandyas and Pallavas. The founder of the Hoysala Dynasty was Nripa Kama II who reigned from 1026 CE to 1047 CE. Until the 13th century AD, the dynasty ruled over a variety of territories.The Cholas (Colas) began in the fertile valley of the Kaveri River, but at their peak from the late 9th century to the early . Sara (Hebrew origin) is a beautiful name meaning 'princess'. [citation needed] Two names are prominent among those Chola kings known to have existed who feature in Sangam literature: Karikala and Kocengannan. It is a great and aesthetic name. 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